For more information on the investigative and enforcement process, as well as on what actions may be taken to enforce the AWA, please visit IES’ website.The relevance of the service sector and of the digital devices, particularly the MMTs, and their concomitant adoption by different categories of enterprises is obsessively on surge (Charoensukmongkol & Sasatanum, 2017). IES investigations may lead to the issuance of a regulatory compliance or enforcement action. #Awa adoption license#It provides notice to an individual and/or business that the Agency may seek a civil or criminal penalty if noncompliance is found in the future.ĪPHIS' Investigative and Enforcement Services (IES) personnel investigate alleged violations when licensees or registrants have not taken corrective measures to come into compliance with the AWA, individuals and/or businesses are conducting regulated activity without a license or without being registered with USDA, or the noncompliance presents (or presented) a direct risk to the health and well-being of the animals involved. An Official Warning Letter is an official warning of an alleged violation of the AWA. A Letter of Information is an informal warning letter documenting that AWA noncompliance was found and advising an individual and/or business that more stringent action may be taken if they remain noncompliant. In some circumstances where an individual and/or business is found to not be in compliance with the AWA, APHIS may take action in addition to inspections to promote compliance, including issuing a Letter of Information or an Official Warning Letter. Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. Birds (other than those bred for research) are covered under the AWA but the regulatory standards have not yet been established. The following animals are not covered: farm animals used for food or fiber (fur, hide, etc.) coldblooded species (amphibians and reptiles) horses not used for research purposes fish invertebrates (crustaceans, insects, etc.) or birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus that are bred for use in research. The AWA, which became law in 1966, does not cover every type of animal used in every type of activity. If the noncompliance is not corrected, or if it is of a serious enough nature, USDA has the option to pursue appropriate regulatory compliance and enforcement actions. Conversely, when inspectors identify items that are not in compliance with the federal standards, USDA Animal Care holds those facilities responsible for properly addressing and correcting those items within a set timeframe. If a facility is meeting the federal standards, USDA knows the animals there are receiving humane care and treatment. Inspectors use the AWA standards and regulations as the baseline by which they assess a facility’s level of care provided to animals. USDA Animal Care also employs veterinarians who specialize in the care of particular animal species as well as those with a specific area of animal expertise such as research or transportation. ACIs have education in the biological sciences and/or extensive experience in the care and handling of animals. All VMOs have graduated from a veterinary medical college, and many have been private-practice veterinarians prior to joining USDA Animal Care. Inspectors are classified as veterinary medical officers (VMOs) or Animal Care inspectors (ACIs). Highly-trained USDA inspectors located throughout the United States conduct routine, unannounced inspections of all facilities licensed or registered under the AWA to assess these facilities compliance with AWA. The regulations also establish specific requirements that must be met prior to the importation of dogs for resale purposes. Facilities using regulated animals for regulated purposes must provide their animals with adequate housing, sanitation, nutrition, water and veterinary care, and they must protect their animals from extreme weather and temperatures. Regulations established under the AWA set standards for the humane care and treatment for certain animals that are exhibited to the public, sold for use as pets, used in research, or transported commercially.
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